DFS is fortified with both iodine and iron. Double-fortified salt ĭouble-fortified salt (DFS) is a public health tool for delivering nutritional iron. įortification of staple foods with Vitamin A has uncertain benefits on reducing the risk of subclinical vitamin A deficiency. The Micronutrient Initiative, with funding from the Government of Canada, supplies 75 percent of the vitamin A required for supplementation in developing countries. By 2007, the rate increased to 62 percent. In 1999, 16 percent of children in these countries received two annual doses of vitamin A. Global vitamin A supplementation efforts have targeted 103 priority countries. In many countries, vitamin A supplementation is combined with immunization and campaign-style health events. In areas with vitamin A deficiency, it is recommended that children aged 6–59 months receive two doses annually. In 1997, national vitamin A supplementation programming received a boost when experts met to discuss rapid scale-up of supplementation activity, and the Micronutrient Initiative, with support from the Government of Canada, began to ensure supply to UNICEF. By 2008, it was estimated that 72 percent of households in developing countries were consuming iodized salt and the number of countries in which iodine deficiency disorders were a public health concern reduced by more than half from 110 to 47 countries. By 1994, international partnerships had formed in a global campaign for Universal Salt Iodization. In 1990, less than 20 percent of households in developing countries were consuming iodized salt. Salt iodization is major strategy for addressing iodine deficiency, which is a major cause of mental health problems. Micronutrient deficiency elimination is as cost-effective as the best public health interventions and fortification is the most cost-effective strategy. Improved nutrition is essential to sustain economic growth. ![]() The elimination of these deficiencies will reduce health care and education costs, improve work capacity and productivity, and accelerate equitable economic Correcting iodine, vitamin A, and iron deficiencies can improve the population-wide intelligence quotient by 10–15 points, reduce maternal deaths by one-fourth, decrease infant and child mortality by 40 percent, and increase people's work capacity by almost half. Distributing inexpensive capsules, diversifying to include more micronutrient-rich foods, or fortifying commonly consumed foods can make an enormous difference. The Asian Development Bank has summarized the benefits of eliminating micronutrient deficiencies as follows:Īlong with a growing understanding of the extent and impact of micronutrient malnutrition, several interventions have demonstrated the feasibility and benefits of correction and prevention. A 1994 report by the World Bank estimated that micronutrient malnutrition costs developing economies at least 5 percent of gross domestic product. Enriching fertilizers with micronutrients not only impacts plants but also on humans and animals through the food chain. The returns of applying micronutrient-enriched fertilizers could be significant for human health, social and economic development. The stable early lanthanides up to Sm are known to stimulate the growth of various lanthanide-using organisms.) (In the case of lanthanum, the definition of an essential nutrient as being indispensable and irreplaceable is not completely applicable due to the extreme similarity of the lanthanides. No evidence for biological action in mammals, but essential in some lower organisms. Ī multiple micronutrient powder of at least iron, zinc, and vitamin A was added to the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines in 2019. ![]() Since plants are the primary origin of nutrients for humans and animals, some micronutrients may be in low levels and deficiencies can occur when dietary intake is insufficient, as occurs in malnutrition. Micronutrient requirements for animals also include vitamins, which are organic compounds required in microgram or milligram amounts. The "minerals" for humans and other animals are several elements. For human nutrition, micronutrient requirements are in amounts generally less than 100 milligrams per day, whereas macronutrients are required in gram quantities daily. Plants tend not to require vitamins, however minerals are required still. Humans and other animals require numerous vitamins and dietary minerals. ![]() ![]() Micronutrient requirements vary among organisms. Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions to maintain health.
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